Glutathione – Antioxidant Defence, Detox Support & Skin Pigmentation Modulation

Glutathione plays a central role in protecting cells from oxidative damage while supporting liver detoxification and melanin pathways. Learn how glutathione functions and what current research shows about IV administration.

What the ingredient is

Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. It is the body’s primary intracellular antioxidant and is present in nearly all cells. It protects tissues from oxidative stress and supports a wide range of metabolic and detoxification processes.

Mechanism of action

Glutathione works by:

  • Directly neutralising free radicals and reactive oxygen species

  • Recycling other antioxidants such as vitamins C and E

  • Supporting Phase II liver detoxification pathways

  • Influencing melanin synthesis through inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme

  • Regulating cellular redox balance

IV glutathione increases plasma levels more rapidly than oral forms, which are limited by digestive breakdown.

Physiological roles

Vitamin B12 is required for:

  • Acts as the body’s master antioxidant
  • Supports liver detoxification and metabolic clearance
  • Maintains immune function
  • Protects cells from oxidative stress
  • Assists in regulating melanin pathways, contributing to skin tone modulation
  • Helps maintain mitochondrial integrity and energy production

Evidence summary

Research supports glutathione’s strong antioxidant and detoxification roles.
Clinical studies show:

  • Improved antioxidant status with IV administration

  • Support for liver function in detoxification processes

  • Modulation of melanin synthesis, though results vary widely
    Current evidence is stronger for antioxidant and detoxification roles than for cosmetic outcomes.

Potential benefits

Supports cellular protection and antioxidant defence

May help reduce oxidative stress

Supports liver detox processes

Helps with immune balance

May contribute to skin brightening through melanin pathway modulation

Safety profile

  • Generally well-tolerated when administered properly
  • Should be administered under medical supervision for IV delivery
  • Caution in individuals with asthma, as rare bronchospasm may occur

Interactions

Works synergistically with Vitamin C, which helps recycle glutathione

May interact with certain chemotherapy agents (requires medical guidance)

Alcohol, stress, and infection can rapidly deplete glutathione levels

Evidence rating

Moderate – strong antioxidant and detoxification evidence; mixed evidence for skin pigmentation effects.

References

  • Richie JP. Glutathione in health and disease.

  • Forman HJ, Zhang H. Glutathione: overview of its role in health.

  • NIH – Glutathione metabolic pathways.

  • PubMed clinical studies on glutathione IV therapy and melanin modulation.